The effect of the static elements of weather and the actions of the creatures on their place in rocks is called weathering. Disintegration and Decomposition in rocks occur through actions. In decomposition, rocks are cracked by physical forces, while in decomposition, rocks are broken down by chemical reactions. According to Arthur Holmes, " weathering is the total effect of all the various sub aerial processes that co-operate in bringing about the decay and disintegration of rocks provided that no large-scale transport of the Loosened product is involved."
There are three types of weathering
(1) Physical or mechanical weathering
(2) Chemical Weathering,
(3) Biological Weathering.
It is worth noting here that physical, chemical and biological weathering do not work separately, nor is any one type of weathering fixed to any particular place on earth. All three types of weathering are occurring simultaneously in greater or lesser amounts. There is no mass transport of rock powder produced in weathering. This floor definitely prepares the base for equilibrium factors.
1. Physical or mechanical weathering
Disintegration of rocks through following factors
(1) Insolation - In dry and hot desert regions where daily temperature is high, sunset is proved to be the most effective means of dissolution of rocks. In such regions the rocks spread by the scorching heat of the day and the rocks shrink at night due to the exceptionally low temperature. The rocks are thus stretched and shrinking over a long period of time, causing tension on their floor. Stress causes cracks in rocks resulting in the rocks begin to disintegrate into larger pieces. This type of rock is called Block Disintegration .Many rocks, which consist of many types of minerals and dyes, have their minerals spread and shrink at different rates due to the effect of heat, such rocks do not break into sections and crumble into small particles and pellets. It keeps happening. This powder is called Scree or Talus. This method of breaking up of rocks is called Granular Disintegration .After the sunset in the desert, such sounds of rocks are heard as gunshots are fired. Some rocks are not good conductors of heat. Their upper crust gets heated by the intense heat of Sun . While the inner part of the crust remains cold. This heat dissolves the cohesion of the rocks, causing the upper crust of the rocks to separate from the original rocks; Like onion peel. When separated from the rock, these layers like peels break and crumble. This form of breaking of rocks is called exfoliation.
(ii) Frost - In high mountain areas and in regions of high latitudes, rain or snow fills in the rocky crevices during the day. When the temperature falls below freezing point at night, it freezes in the water cracks. Volume increases when freezing. According to scientists, after 9 cubic centimeters of water freezes, 10 cubic centimeters occupy the space, leading to a stress of 15 kilograms per square centimeter on the rocks. Frequent water the fission of rocks results from the action of Alternate Freeze and Thaw, which is called Frost Shattering .
(iii) Hydration - There are also some minerals in the rocks which absorb hydrogen-containing water by chemical method, which almost doubles their volume. According to Meryl sir, some minerals increase up to 80% of their volume. Minerals increased volume causes stress and stress in rock particles and minerals, . Stretching and pressure. As a result, the rock vane is dislodged from the original rock by mechanical method. Felspar mineral is converted into a clay called Kaolin by hydration action. Hydration is also behind the ablation process in granite rocks.
(iv) Solution - On contact with rainwater, all rocks dissolve at different rates, but some minerals dissolve in water soon, such as rock salt and limestone etc. This chemical weathering solution of rocks is called a solution.
Biological or Organic Weathering
(1) Vegetation - The roots of tree plants enter the crevices of the rock and widen them . This not only breaks the rocks, but also creates a way for air and water to reach inside. This increases the chemical weathering of rocks.
There are three types of weathering
(1) Physical or mechanical weathering
(2) Chemical Weathering,
(3) Biological Weathering.
It is worth noting here that physical, chemical and biological weathering do not work separately, nor is any one type of weathering fixed to any particular place on earth. All three types of weathering are occurring simultaneously in greater or lesser amounts. There is no mass transport of rock powder produced in weathering. This floor definitely prepares the base for equilibrium factors.
1. Physical or mechanical weathering
Disintegration of rocks through following factors
(1) Insolation - In dry and hot desert regions where daily temperature is high, sunset is proved to be the most effective means of dissolution of rocks. In such regions the rocks spread by the scorching heat of the day and the rocks shrink at night due to the exceptionally low temperature. The rocks are thus stretched and shrinking over a long period of time, causing tension on their floor. Stress causes cracks in rocks resulting in the rocks begin to disintegrate into larger pieces. This type of rock is called Block Disintegration .Many rocks, which consist of many types of minerals and dyes, have their minerals spread and shrink at different rates due to the effect of heat, such rocks do not break into sections and crumble into small particles and pellets. It keeps happening. This powder is called Scree or Talus. This method of breaking up of rocks is called Granular Disintegration .After the sunset in the desert, such sounds of rocks are heard as gunshots are fired. Some rocks are not good conductors of heat. Their upper crust gets heated by the intense heat of Sun . While the inner part of the crust remains cold. This heat dissolves the cohesion of the rocks, causing the upper crust of the rocks to separate from the original rocks; Like onion peel. When separated from the rock, these layers like peels break and crumble. This form of breaking of rocks is called exfoliation.
(ii) Frost - In high mountain areas and in regions of high latitudes, rain or snow fills in the rocky crevices during the day. When the temperature falls below freezing point at night, it freezes in the water cracks. Volume increases when freezing. According to scientists, after 9 cubic centimeters of water freezes, 10 cubic centimeters occupy the space, leading to a stress of 15 kilograms per square centimeter on the rocks. Frequent water the fission of rocks results from the action of Alternate Freeze and Thaw, which is called Frost Shattering .
(iii) Pressure Release - Many igneous and metamorphic rocks are formed under currents of heavy pressure and heat, due to which their particles are also compressed and buried. When erosion of the top rocks erupts with time, the rocks buried under the ages spread a little due to pressure relief. This causes cracks in the rocks, causing their disintegration and uptake. This action is commonly used as granite and marble it is found more in rocks.
(iv) Salt Crystallisation Weathering - Salt crystals are formed by the evaporation of salt water deposited in the rocks of the rock. As the size of these ravs increases, so does the pressure on the rocks. It breaks rocks. This weathering is more than the saltwater leaking into the sandstone in the deserts. A similar weathering occurs in beach rocks.
2. Chemical Weathering
Chemical decomposition in rocks is called chemical degeneration when the components of rocks become loose due to chemical reaction instead of breakdown by physical forces. The chemical composition of rocks changes in this. Chemical decomposition of rocks occurs mainly in wet and hot regions, where acid-rich water and gases of rain form the major factors of weathering.
(1) Oxidation - Oxygen mixed in water and humid air, when combined with iron-rich rocks ,If this happens, the iron fractions in the rock are converted into oxides, ie iron gets rusted. This causes the rocks to become red, yellow or drab. This action is called oxidation. Iron-oxidized rocks melting during oxidationIt seems.
(ii) Carbonation - The amount of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water converts the minerals of the rocks in its contact into carbonates, this is called carbonation. Carbon-rich water is a carbonic acid, which dissolves lime rocks rapidly. In all limestone regions, ground water is the major factor of weathering by carbonization.
2. Chemical Weathering
Chemical decomposition in rocks is called chemical degeneration when the components of rocks become loose due to chemical reaction instead of breakdown by physical forces. The chemical composition of rocks changes in this. Chemical decomposition of rocks occurs mainly in wet and hot regions, where acid-rich water and gases of rain form the major factors of weathering.
(1) Oxidation - Oxygen mixed in water and humid air, when combined with iron-rich rocks ,If this happens, the iron fractions in the rock are converted into oxides, ie iron gets rusted. This causes the rocks to become red, yellow or drab. This action is called oxidation. Iron-oxidized rocks melting during oxidationIt seems.
(ii) Carbonation - The amount of carbon dioxide gas dissolved in water converts the minerals of the rocks in its contact into carbonates, this is called carbonation. Carbon-rich water is a carbonic acid, which dissolves lime rocks rapidly. In all limestone regions, ground water is the major factor of weathering by carbonization.
(iii) Hydration - There are also some minerals in the rocks which absorb hydrogen-containing water by chemical method, which almost doubles their volume. According to Meryl sir, some minerals increase up to 80% of their volume. Minerals increased volume causes stress and stress in rock particles and minerals, . Stretching and pressure. As a result, the rock vane is dislodged from the original rock by mechanical method. Felspar mineral is converted into a clay called Kaolin by hydration action. Hydration is also behind the ablation process in granite rocks.
(iv) Solution - On contact with rainwater, all rocks dissolve at different rates, but some minerals dissolve in water soon, such as rock salt and limestone etc. This chemical weathering solution of rocks is called a solution.
Biological or Organic Weathering
(1) Vegetation - The roots of tree plants enter the crevices of the rock and widen them . This not only breaks the rocks, but also creates a way for air and water to reach inside. This increases the chemical weathering of rocks.
(i) Burrowing Animals - There are hundreds of species of insects and animals that live in the rocks like ants, earthworms, rats, rabbits, foxes, jackals, scorpions, squirrels and prairie dogs etc. Unorganized debris comes out and the rocks weaken and disintegrate. According to Arthur Holmes, "Every one acre of soil can contain one and a half million earthworms, which in a year make 10 to 15 tons of fine soil from the rocks and bring it down from above." Many animals carry many types of acids through their mouths and beets, which intensifies the chemical weathering of rocks.
(iii) Man - The economic activities of man also contribute heavily in weathering of rocks. The wells, lakes, canals, dams, kilns, tunnels, ponds, food, cities, factories and roads, etc. meet the needs of human beings, but their construction also leads to weathering of rocks.
(iii) Man - The economic activities of man also contribute heavily in weathering of rocks. The wells, lakes, canals, dams, kilns, tunnels, ponds, food, cities, factories and roads, etc. meet the needs of human beings, but their construction also leads to weathering of rocks.
No comments:
Post a Comment