MASS MOVEMENT
Factors Affecting Mass Movement
The following factors affect the process of large circulation -
1. Gravitation - Gravity definitely has the most important role in moving the shell powder, soil and debris down to a large level, but water makes this process easier which Downslope Lubricant work in movement does.
2. Water - In many unorganized deposits, water is filled with air somewhere in the spaces found between the grains. The surface tension of water keeps the particles of debris cohesion and does not allow it to move away from its place, but when there is excessive rainfall, more water is released into those holes. The surface tension of its water is over . and the attachment of soil particles becomes loose. As a result the material starts coming down with the help of gradient.
Water also has another role in large circulation. The amount of water creates a load on the slope, which makes it easy for the debris to move from its place
3. Slope of Land - A vast museum of innumerable slopes, small and large, slow and fast. Museum. Through these slopes, through the river routes, the high parts of the continents slip and reach the last great halt of ocean deposition - ocean floor and gates. The effect of intensifying the pulses is done by factors of denudation like river, sea waves and glaciers.
4. Climate - In cold climate regions, the alternating freeze and Thaw of ice on the rock powder also causes their circulation. In this case, earthquake, explosion for mining, activities of burrowing animals and spreading of plant roots intensify the movement of large circulation.
5. Tectonics - In the area affected by tectonic processes, the shields of relatively newly emerged plot become erratic and unstable. In such a young landscape, as soon as the diffraction is slow, the rapid and fierce movement of the high lands begins.
Types and Impacts of Mass Movements
There is a large variation in the speed of mass circulation. This speed can range from a few millimeters (which is not visible) to 100 km per hour in a year. Depending on the speed, various forms of mass circulation can be divided into two broad classes.
1. Slow Movement - Despite being invisible, slow movement plays an important role in polishing the surface. According to geologists, long-term slow movements lead to greater amounts of debris being rolled than explosives and rapid movements.
(a) Soil Creep - In the regions of temperate and warm climatic climate, the upper cover of rocks starts sliding down due to gravity even on the slopes. A lot of soil filled with rainwater, the large area, including grass mats and trees, is thus transferred.
B.Rock Creep - The weather factors begin to disintegrate the bed rock after the shell powder and the weakened layer of soil above the rocks are removed during the rainy season. Fragmented rock materials move downward according to the gradient under the gradient of gravity. Which is called shell diffusion.
.(c) .Scree of Talus: On the mountain slopes, small and large sized piles of rocks are deposited, which are called shield debris or foot debris. These are angular piles of debris that have a gradient size. The gradient of these piles ranges from 35 ° to 37 ° from the horizontal base. These landforms are formed in an area with frost weathering.
(d.)Solifluction -Solifluction is composed of two Latino language terms Solum-Soil '(Soil) and Floor-'flow (Flow) which means downward flow of water-saturated soil. Soil propagation occurs in higher latitudes and higher mountainous parts of lower latitudes. In the tundra regions of the Arctic Circle, in the areas of Permanent Snow (Permafrost) (where the temperature is 0 ° C and below all year), the snow starts to melt at the beginning of summer, while the land below is still frozen by snow (Frozen). Permanent snow hinders the release of meltwater, ie leakage. Resulting in permanent snow over the debris unloaded by the water starts moving along the slope. The speed of soil planting is so slow that it is not visible at all. Soap mirrors and altars . are constructed from soil mirrors on mountain slopes.
2. Rapid Movement: The sudden and rapid movement of soil or rock is very harmful due to gravity. A large amount of rainwater or snow melt is required for debris to operate.
(a) Earth Flow - In areas of humid climate, water-saturated soil, topsoil rock powder, clay and rock clay, etc. are moved downstream of the gradient in a few hours at a rapid rate by the force of gravity. , It is called soil flow. Water or ice water acts as a lubricant in soil flow. It is clear that the staircase remains after the flow of soil from the top of the slope. These altars are surrounded by arcs such as scarps. Due to soil flow in the mountains, water flow is blocked and lakes are formed in many places. A special form of soil flow is seen in Sweden, Norway and northern parts of Canada. Many such lakes have been formed in the Jhelum, Basin in the Himalayas and in the eastern and southern parts of Nepal. Rail flow and roadways are sometimes blocked due to soil flow.
(b) Land Slide - Large scale rapid planting of rocky parts is called landslide. Water in
Or snow is not needed as a lubricant. In landslides, there is loss of life and property due to heavy debris coming down. There are four types of landslides
(i) Rock Slide - Among all types of landslides, rock ejaculation is of paramount importance. Large rocks from the mountains move from their place and fall down sliding on the basis of Fault Plane or Bedding Plane.
Rotational motion occurs on the curved plane. In this, the ejaculation of the rock occurs intermittently and over a short distance. On the slope on which the rock is deposited, small altars are formed on it. Examples of extirpation in India are found between Chennai and Visakhapatnam on the west coast and near Kerala Kaunik on the east coast.
(ii) Rock Fall - The action of rock fall is similar to that of rock ejaculation. The only difference is that a large rock block falls as a lone block from a steep ledge in the rock bed. The size of the falling section is one
It can be as small as a boulder and very large in the size of the village. The size of the falling section depends on the geological composition of the cliff. After falling, that huge block can be divided into many types of big and small pieces. In the Himalayas and the Alps mountain regions, rocks occur frequently.
(iv)Debris Slide - Debris slide is a rock powder that reverts from its place of origin to another location by moving down the slope. If the debris group rapidly accelerates downward on a steep gradient, this action is called debris ejaculation and if the debris group falls down from a height with high speed, it is called debris fall. There are many incidents of debris ejaculation and debris in the Himalayan valleys.
(C) Earth Slide - In this, a whole huge block of land moves down the mountain or hill. It does not break down, but the entire block remains intact. This sloping land can remain in the road for a long or short time.
(d)Mud Flow - regions with high rainfall
In saturated with water, the rock material separates from the gradient of its original place and starts flowing in the shape of the plastic material coming out down there. Volcanic ash and dust become wet as rain in the rain that occurs after a volcanic eruption and move downward along the slope.
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