The drainage system of India - Peninsular Plateau

peninsular drainage system -
On this ancient peninsular plateau, rivers have built wide, balanced and shallow valleys. This is a proof of the fact that the rivers of the peninsula have been flowing for much longer than the Himalayan rivers. Generally, rainfall is less on the peninsular plateau, so the rivers are smaller and less in number than the plains. Due to flowing through the hilly region, the major rivers here are not suitable for boat running. Due to the uneven plateau surface, it is difficult to remove the canals from them. The rocky ground here does not absorb rainwater, so it soon causes floods by flowing into rivers. The erosion power of these rivers has been destroyed due to negligible slope. Almost all the rivers here have reached their base level, that is, they have reached the adult stage. Vertical Erosion is reduced and Lateral ero sion is increased by these rivers. 

  Peninsular Plateau is a large area of ​​peninsular plateau that originates from the eastern slope of the Bay of Bengal. Hence most of the rivers are from the Western Ghats. Among them, Mahanadi. The Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery rivers are prominent. The rivers flowing west from the Western Ghats are very small. The major rivers falling into the Arabian Sea are the Narmada and the Tapi.
1. Mahanadi Rivers falling in the Bay of Bengal - This river joins the confluence of Koyna and Sankh rivers, near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and forms a large delta in Orissa passing through Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. The drainage basin of this river is 53 percent in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and 47 percent in Orissa. The total length of this river is 851 km and the drainage area is about 1,41,589 sq km. Shivnath, Jonk, Ong, Brahmani and Vaitarani etc. are its major tributaries. The famous Hirakud Dam is built on this river. Navigation is also done in the lower part of Mahanadi.
Godavari - It is the longest river of peninsular rivers, with a length of 1,465 km. It originates from the Western Ghats in Nashik district of Maharashtra and in Andhra pradesh falls into the Bay of Bengal. The runoff area of ​​Godavari is 8,12,812 sq km of which 49 per cent is in Maharashtra, 20 per cent in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh and the rest in Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. Due to its purity, beauty, utility, large size and extent, it is also known as Vridha Ganga and Dakshin Ganga. Penganga, Venganga, Manjara, Pranahita, Indravati, Maner, Sabasi, Wardha, Poorna and Pravesh etc. are its major tributaries. To the south of Polavaram, where there is heavy flooding in the lower parts of its route, Godavari creates a strong waterfall. Navigation is possible in the delta portion of this river. Near Rajahmundry, this river divides into several streams and forms a large delta.

3. Krishna - It originates from a waterfall near Mahabaleshwar. The river travels 1,400 km across Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh from its origin to its mouth. Its total drainage area is 258948 square kilometers. Koyna, Bhima, Tungabhadra, Ghat Prabha etc. are its famous tributaries. The river forms a large delta with an area of ​​4,600 sq km and a coastline of 120 km. The deltas of the Godavari and Krishna rivers seem to merge along the coast.
Cauveri - This river originates from the Brahmagiri Mala of the Western Ghats and flows into the Bay of Bengal near Kaveri Pattanam flowing in the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Its total length is 800 kilometers. Its drainage area is approximately 87,900 square kilometers which is spread over the states of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. This river forms several waterfalls in the Mysore plateau, among which Sivasamudram is notable. An important feature of this river is that its upper part receives rainfall by summer southwest monsoon winds while its lower part receives rainfall by the returning winter northeast monsoon winds. In this way, water flows in this river throughout the year, which is used for irrigation and hydropower generation. This river has formed a rectangular delta with an area of ​​8.000 km .
5. Brahmins and Swarnarekha - These rivers drain some of the water between the Ganges and the Mahanadi and carry it to the Bay of Bengal. Their drainage area is spread over Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh. The name of Brahmani in its upper part is Dakshin Koyel. Tata's iron plant (TISCO) located in Jamshedpur gets its water from the Swarnarekha River.

Rivers falling in the Arabian Sea
The Narmada River rises from a height of 900 meters from the Amarkantak hill in Madhya Pradesh and joins the Gulf of Khambhat in the Arabian Sea near Bharoch in Gujarat. This river flows between Vindhyachal and Satpura Mountains. The marble waterfall of Bhedghat on the Narmada River is very visible. Its height is 15 meters. The total length of the Narmada River is about 1,312 km and the drainage area is 98,796 km किमी. Tawa, Burneer, Barren, Shar, Kundi, sugar, deer, barna, three desi, arra, hathni, dev and goi are its tributaries. Omkareshwar, Jabalpur, Raigad are situated on the banks of this river. This river is known as Mekal Suta or Shankari or Reva. Maheshwar, Indira Sagar, Omkareshwar, Sardar Sarovar Dam are built on this river while Ranipur Dam is built on its tributary Tawa. Milk stream, Kapil Dhara, Dhuandhar etc. water falls are located on it. This river forms the estuary near Bharoch.
Tapi - This river originates in the south of the Mahadev hills in Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. From there it merges into the Gulf of Khambhat near Surat, flowing in a westerly direction parallel to the Narmada in the Rift Valley to the south of Satpura. Its total length is 730 km. The basin area of ​​the Tapi River is 65,145 sq km which is spread over Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Apart from these two major rivers, the following rivers also fall into the Arabian Sea:
3. Mahi - - This river originates from the Jaisamand Lake in Udaipur. In Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat, this river flows into the Gulf of Khambhat while carrying water over an area of 34,842 sq km. The length of this river is 585 km. Bajaj and Kadana dams have been built on this river.
4 Sabarmati - This river originates in the Dungarpur district of Rajasthan in the Aravalli hills. After flowing about 371 km in the south-west, this river joins the Arabian Sea. The runoff area of the Sabarmati in Rajasthan and Gujarat is 21,674 sq km.
5Luni - Luni ( Lunavati) west of Aravalli is the largest river system in Rajasthan. It originates near Pushkar in the form of two streams Saraswati and Sagarmati. These streams merge near Gobindgarh. From here this river originates from the Aravalli hills and is called Luni. It flows in the west direction till Talwara and then flows in the south-west direction to the Kutch run. This river is 320 km long. This entire river system is short-lived.
There are many rivers that fall out of the Western Ghats into the Arabian Sea, which are very small in size. About 600 small streams exit the Western Ghats and enter the Arabian Sea. From the peninsular part, rivers Chambal, Betwa, Cane, Son, etc., enter the Ganges flow system. The river Chambal originates from Vindhyachal mountain near Mhow and flows in the northern direction to form a gorge near Kota. Thereafter, it flows in a northeast direction and joins the Yamuna River in Etawah district of Uttar Pradesh. Its total length is 1,050 km. In its flow route it forms rugged ravines. Like Chambal, Betwa and Cane also build gorges and build rugged ravines before joining Yamuna. The Sone River originates from the Amarkantak plateau and covers a distance of 780 km before joining the Ganges near Ramnagar.